Labor Shortages Pose Challenges to US Businesses’ Efforts to Reshore Manufacturing
Mexico’s Growing Manufacturing Base Offers an Alternative for US Businesses
As US businesses strive to reduce supply chain risks, many have embarked on a mission to bring manufacturing jobs back to American soil. However, a significant challenge has emerged in the form of labor shortages. The low unemployment rate in the country has made it difficult for companies to find workers to support the reshoring initiative. This stands in contrast to Mexico, which has seen a surge in its manufacturing base, making it an attractive alternative for US businesses. This article explores the labor force challenges faced by the “Made in America” movement and the growing appeal of Mexico as a manufacturing destination.
The Obstacle of Labor Force Shortages:
Despite the efforts of corporations like General Motors and Intel to shift their supply chains and manufacturing back to the US, labor force shortages have proven to be a significant obstacle. The demand for construction and factory workers continues to exceed supply, even as the pandemic-era labor shortage eases. Christian Ulbrich, CEO of real estate services company JLL, highlights the difficulty of finding workers due to the low unemployment rate in the US.
Mexico’s Appeal Amid Labor Force Challenges:
In response to global supply chain disruptions caused by factors such as the COVID-19 pandemic, geopolitical tensions, and climate change, some US businesses are turning to Mexico. Known as “near-shoring” or “friend-shoring,” this strategy involves relying more on countries like Mexico that are physically and politically close to the US while still offering cost advantages. Mexico’s growing manufacturing base has received $29 billion in foreign direct investment, with over half of it in the industrial sector.
Lower Labor Costs and Closer Proximity:
Mexico’s lower labor costs compared to China, along with its proximity to the US, make it an attractive option for US businesses seeking to reduce supply chain risks. Labor costs in China have risen in recent years, while Mexico’s median age of approximately 30 contributes to a strong labor supply. Additionally, manufacturing in Mexico allows companies to have greater visibility, control, and influence on human resources, quality of goods, and shorter delivery times.
Challenges and Considerations:
While Mexico offers advantages in terms of labor costs and proximity, there are challenges that businesses must consider. Limited infrastructure, inconsistent energy and water supply, as well as the threat of gang violence, could pose risks to investments in the country. On the other hand, manufacturing in the US would provide businesses with reduced supply chain disruptions and lower transportation costs. Complicated labor laws, crime, ease of doing business, and regulatory and legal obstacles are some of the drawbacks of near-shoring to Mexico.
US and Mexico as Complementary Manufacturing Partners:
In reality, many businesses will make supply chain investments in both the US and Mexico, viewing them as complementary rather than competing. The interdependence between the two countries is evident in the automotive industry, where manufacturers source parts from both sides of the border. US manufacturing and Mexican manufacturing work in tandem, benefiting from each other’s strengths.
Boosting the US Labor Supply:
To address the labor shortages in the US, competitive pay and benefits can attract workers. Businesses may also need to consider employing more contract or subcontract employees. Investments in training programs can help fill skill gaps, while increasing immigration levels could provide a solution where there is a shortage of available workers. Ultimately, the decision to invest in “Made in America” initiatives will depend on the cost-benefit equation for each corporation.
Conclusion:
Labor shortages present a challenge to US businesses seeking to reshore manufacturing. While some companies have successfully shifted their supply chains back to the US, the difficulty of finding workers remains a significant obstacle. Mexico’s growing manufacturing base offers an alternative, with lower labor costs and closer proximity to the US. However, challenges such as limited infrastructure and security concerns must be taken into account. The US and Mexico are not competitors but rather complementary partners in manufacturing. To boost the US labor supply, competitive pay, investments in training programs, and potentially increasing immigration levels could be viable solutions. Ultimately, the success of the “Made in America” initiative will depend on the decisions made by business leaders.